1. Catfact: cats can squeeze through any opening the size of their head, because their collarbones are not connected to other bones in their body, only to muscles.
2. Catfact 2: Cats have over 30 muscles that control their outer ear, and can rotate each one independently 180 degrees. They can also hear up to 65 kHz (humans can only hear up to 20 kHz)
3. Moyamoya syndrome is a disease of vascular wall thickening in the internal carotid artery and its branches (MCA, ACA), that leads to progressive stenosis and increased risk of ischemia and stroke. In the early stages, collateral arteries form in an attempt to increase perfusion, but these collaterals are friable and prone to hemorrhage (proved by something as small as sneezing), aneurysm, and thrombosis. On MRA, first the collaterals will appear, then eventually disappear as the stenosis progresses so far as to lead to nearly complete ischemia. At this point, other vessels such as the basilar and external carotid will begin to spawn collaterals, and hypoxia to the brain will become severe.
4. Treatment for moyamoya involves anti-platelet agents to prevent stroke (aspirin); there are also surgical procedures that involve either bypass grafts of external carotid or superficial temporal artery directly onto MCA, or putting burr holes in the skull/placing temporalis muscle over it with the idea that the hypoxic brain will form new collaterals. Moyamoya is common among people with NF1 and trisomy 21.
5. People with trisomy 21 have an increased likelihood developing seizures. The distribution for seizure development is bimodal: in childhood (infantile spasms) and in the 30s-40s. Seizure development in adult life is associated with increased risk of dementia later on. 18% of people with trisomy 21 also have a concurrent autism-spectrum disorder, a rate which is 10x higher than the general population. Additionally, due to ligamentous laxity (including in posterior longitudinal ligament), there is an increased risk of atlanto-axial instability. Check echo (EF) and cspine xray before sedation, which is necessary for MRI/MRA in a young kid.
6. Risk factors for the development of neonatal jaundice: 
-Prematurity
-Polycythemia/IDM
-Race: Asian, Native American, Hispanic most likely. African american and white less likely.
-Hemolytic diseases (SCA, G6PD)
-ABO/Rh incompatibility
-Family Hx of jaundice.
7. In neonates at risk for hypoglycemia, do accuchecks at 2 hours of life (after feeding) and q3-6 afterwards. IDM/LGA: check for 12 hours after birth, preterm/SGA: check for 24 hours after birth.
8. Management of stroke in pediatric patients:
-No fibrinolytics in anyone under 18 years old, data is currently inadequate re: benefits and harms. Trials are currently undergoing to evaluate further.
-Keep the head of the bed level to increase perfusion to brain if at all possible (i.e. not in imminent danger from cardiorespiratory concerns)
-Do not treat HTN, again to increase brain perfusion, unless there is clear HTN-related end-organ damage going on.
-Big IVs, 10mg/kg bolus, maintenance fluids.
9. Subdural vs epidural hemorrhage in peds: 
-Age: Subdural is more common in kids <1 year old, epidural more common in older kids and adults.  
-Skull fracture: 1/3 of subdurals are assoc w skull fracture, 2/3 of epidurals are.
-Seizures: accompany 60-90% of subdural hematoma, <25% of epidural patients
-Retinal hemorrhage: subdural (common), epidural (uncommon)
-Blood source: subdural- venous, epidural-arterial
-Laterality: subdural usu b/l, epidural usu u/l
-Symptoms: subdural- emesis, seizures, increased tone, irritability, personality changes, inattention, FTT, fever, anemia. epidural- altered mental status, then lucid period, then sx of increased ICP- LOC, bradycardia, irregular respirations,
-Outcomes: Mortality is greater with epidural, but morbidity greater with subdural (touches brain parenchyma, headaches, fatigue, nausea, sleep problems)
10. Hyenas are not just scavengers; they are pack hunters that have a developed system of communication. They decide what kind of prey to hunt before they set off hunting: you can predict what kind of prey they are going for by the size of the hunting pack, and they will bypass other kinds of prey on their way to the target species.