1. Febrile seizures come in 2 types: simple and complex.
-simple: generalized, <15 min, one in 24 hours, rare
-complex: partial, >15 min, more than 1 in 24 hours, common
2. Chronic treatment for febrile seizures is generally not indicated because many AEDs have limited effectiveness and carry significant side effects (i.e hepatic failure with valproate). Acetaminophen/NSAIDs treat fever but do not decrease incidence of febrile seizures. Diazepam can decrease incidence of seizures if given at the beginning of a cold, but seizures can often be the first presenting symptom of a viral illness, so practically it's not very useful.
3. Acute otitis media occurs in up to 75% of all children by age 1. Kids' eustachian tubes are shorter and more horizontal, more prone to be obstructed with mucus/swollen adenoids. Otitis media is common a few days after the start of a viral infection, and is usually caused by s.pneumo, moraxella, or HiB. Diagnosis criteria: (1) Effusion (impaired movement on insufflation) (2) inflammation (bulging/color change of tympanic membrane to hemorrhagic, grey, yellow) and (3) acute onset of symptoms, such as pain.
4. Treatment for AOM: Most (90%) of kids over 2 years old do not require antibiotic treatment, as acute otitis media is self-limiting and will resolve in 2-3 days. Criteria for treatment: age<2 years, toxic-appearing kid >2, hx of recurrent complex AOM, immunodeficiency or abnormal cranial anatomy, AOM that fails to improve after 48 hours. First line treatment is amoxicillin (high dose: 75-90 mg/kg/day divided into 2 doses for 5 days). If pt fails to improve after another 48 hours, consider resistance and add clavulanate to the amoxicillin, if pt still fail to improve, try IM ceftriaxone and call for ID consult. And ENT consult.
5. If someone comes into your ER, 3 days after a 2 week hospital stay for open abdominal surgery, spiking 40 degree fevers with a 30 cm incision that appears to be dehiscing and leaking obviously purulent serosanguinous fluid, PO bactrim and discharge to home is not an appropriate management plan. Bactrim is for 20 year old women with UTIs, and that woman needs to be admitted for surgical debridement. You'll want to provide broad-spectrum coverage of gram positives (+MRSA), gram negatives, and anaerobes (abscess/GI tract organisms). Consider vanc+ 3rd gen cephalosporin/aminoglycoside + metronidazole, until your cultures (of tissue) grow out a specific organism with sensitivities.
6. Weight gain in pregnancy:
BMI <18 = 30-40 lb
BMI 18-25 = 25-35 lbs
BMI 25-30 =  15-25 lbs
BMI 30+ =10-20 lbs
7. First trimester screen: HCG and PAPP-A+ nuchal translucency (85% sensitivity)
Second trimester screen: AFP, b-HCG, unconjugated estriol  (triple screen) + Inhibin A (quad screen)
8. Adults can tolerate 3-4 minutes of apnea before they become hypoxic. In premature neonates, its closer to 15-20 seconds. School age kids: 1-2 mins, etc. It's a function of how much lung capacity they have and how much oxygen reserve they have therein.
9. Glucose & Dementia: A big (n=2067) cohort study in NEJM showed higher glucose levels are associated with an increased risk of dementia: glucose of 115 vs 100, HR 1.18 (95% CI 1.04-1.33). http://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMoa1215740
10. Beta agonists and steroids cause leukocytosis.