1. Erysipeloid:
- E.rhusiopathiae.
- Comes from handling fish and meat- bacteria gain access into hands, causes finger cellulitis
- Treat with penicillin, erythro or doxy if pen allergic. Inherently vanc resistant.
2. Ruptured baker's cyst
- Can present like DVT with posterior calf swelling. Fluid will sometimes leak down leg and cause crescent shaped bruise over medial malleolus.
3. BUN/Cr ratio most sensitive predictor of dehydration 
4. Intestinal lymphoma: 
- Diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, weight loss. Distention, occult blood.
- Typically don't see malabsorption
- Bx will show atypical lymphocytes.
5. Criteria for home O2 in COPD: 
- RA sat < 88, PaO2 < 55
- RA sat < 89, PaO2 < 59 + evidence of R HF
- Hypoxia during exercise or sleep
Titrate O2 to >90%. Survival benefits of home O2 are when it is used for >15 hours a day.
6. Knee pain
- Patellofemoral pain syndrome (women > men, typically young, perhaps due to the shape of the hips - knees, less stability of patella). Constant pain, worse with stairs or squatting. Test by pressing down on patella
- Patellar tendinitis: jumper's knee, typically affects athletes. Episodic pain. Pain at lower border of patella.
- Osgood schlatter: doesn't affect adults. children/adolescents during growth spurt, pain at tibial tubercle.
7. Management of heat stroke
- Exertional: immerse in cold water
- Non-exertional: evaporative (spray with leukwarm water, use fans to blow air). Cold water immersion associated with increased mortality in this group.
8. Indication for valve replacement in aortic regurg
- Severe regurg + cardiopulmonary symptoms
- Severe regurg + signs of heart failure/enlargement/adverse hemodynamics
- Severe regurg + LV EF < 50-55%
9. Hypothyroidism and pregnancy: 
- Follow TSH and total (not free) T4.
- Keep T4 1.5x normal and keep TSH on the low side of normal.
- May need 30-50% increased dose of synthroid as early as first trimester
- Do not give iodine supplements to pregnant women with normal iodine levels-- pharmacologic levels of iodine can cause fetal goiter and wolff-chaikoff, preventing release of iodine in the fetus.
- Postpartum thyroiditis- can present with hyperT, hypoT, or like hashimotos'- thyrotoxicosis phase (decreased iodine uptake) followed by hyperthyroid phase (increased iodine uptake as the thyroid attempts to recover). People generally make a full recovery.
- For treatment of hyperthyroidism in pregnancy, do PTU in first trimester, then methimazole later on. Methimazole is a first trimester teratogen.
10. Euthyroid sick syndrome
-  Lowered levels of TSH, T3 and or T4 after severe illness (starvation, ICU stay, sepsis, pneumonia, etc)
- Repeat tests in 4-8 weeks- they will often return to normal
- Mechanism- may be false negative tests (2/2 perturbations in homeostasis, the tests may not function normally), may be that cytokines are inhibiting the pituitary, may be decreased peripheral de-iodination of T4 to T3. More details on mechanism here