1. Pancreatitis: 
- Acute onset of epigastric pain + amylase/lipase > 3x upper limit of normal = diagnostic. Do not need confirmatory imaging (this is the boards answer but come on who's not gonna get a scan in these people)
- Amylase: up in 6-12 hours, high for 3-5 days
- Lipase: up in 4-8 hours, high for 8-14 days - more sensitive and specific
2. Spine osteomyelitis: 
- S.aureus = 50%
- Blood cx + in 50-70%
- ESR/CRP usually up
- White count may be nl
3. Patients <50 with no colon cancer risk factors with BRBPR (not blood intermixed c stool) - can get office based anoscopy; negative results or patients that don't fulfill all above criteria => colonscopy
4. Spherocytes on smear: 
- Coombs +, no family hx: AIHA
- Coombs -, family hx: HS
5. DDx: hemolysis
INTRAvascular:
- MAHA (TTP, HUS, DIC, HELLP, malig HTN)
- Transfusion reaction
- Infection (clostridial sepsis)
- PNH
- RhoGAM
EXTRAvascular
- RBC enzyme deficiencies (G6PD)
- Hemoglobinopathy
- Warm/Cold agglutinin AIHA
- Membrane defects (HS)
- Infections (bartonella, malaria)
6. Toxic megacolon diagnosis:
- KUB + 3 out of the following:
- T>38
- P>120
- WBC>10.5
- Anemia
- Treat with IV steroids, NG, antibiotics
7. Ankylosing spondylitis 
- diagnosed with x-ray of sacroiliac joints or spine showing fusion
- HLA-B27 is not specific for AS
8. Cocaine overdose
- 20% complicated by rhabdo from CPK (>20K = ATN)
- CPK from vasoconstriction/ischemia, hyperpyrexia, trauma, seizures.
9. Inherited Hyperbilirubinemias: 
- Crigler-Najjar: indirect, presents early, devastating, phototherapy/plasmapharesis in short term, need liver transplant
- Gilbert's: indirect, mild provoked by fasting/illness
- Dubin-Johnson: direct, mild, black liver
- Rotor syndrome: direct, mild, liver normal color
10. Serous otitis media 
- effusion without infectiou
- common in HIV+ = from LAD/lymphomas that obstruct eustachian tube.