1. AIN vs ATN: 
- AIN: leukocytes and leukocyte casts, no bacteria (sterile pyuria). May be accompanied by fever, rash or eosinophilia. B-lactam antibiotics are often culpable.
- ATN: muddy brown casts (75% of the time), rarely have leukocytes or leukocyte casts.
2. Hematuria: 
- Persistent: 3 or more RBCs/hpf on 2 samples
- Suggestive of non-glomerular source: normal appearing erythrocytes, no erythrocyte casts, no proteinuria. Evaluate with cystoscopy if suspicion for malignancy is high (age >50, male, smoking hx, exposure to benzenes, cyclophosphamides, radiation)
- Suggestive of glomerular source: dysmorphic erythrocytes, no casts, proteinuria. Evaluate with kidney biospy
- You can also see hematuria in people on NSAIDs or anticoagulants
3. Rhabdo can be caused by narcotic overdose and alcohol (hypophosphatemia)
4. Haldol does not cause respiratory depression, which is one thing going for it as a treatment for delirium.
5. Causes of wernicke's-korsakoff besides alcoholism: 
- Prolonged TPN
- Hyperemesis gravidarum
- Cancer
- AIDS
- Post surgical (esp bariatric)
- Glucose loading in someone who is predisposed.
6. Neisseira meninigits vaccine covers serogroups A, C, Y and W-135, but not serogroup B
7. Rocky mountain spotted fever: 
- First systemic sx: fever, myalgias, arthralgias, headache, abdominal pain
- Rash that starts 3-4 days later, starts on wrists and ankles, moves centripetally
- Thromobcytopenia, relative leukopenia, elevated transaminases.
- Can have AKI
- Infection transmitted in spring and early summer.
8. Listeria meningitis
- Hits the immunocompromised: very young, old (>50), HIV, TNF-a inhibitor, chronic liver or kidney disease, alcoholism, cancer, diabetes, iron overload, collagen vascular diseases.
- Clinically can manifest from mild disease (fever, AMS) to coma.
9. Ischemic stroke and hypertension
- It is common to have elevated blood pressures during an ischemic stroke; for the most part, it will resolve within 24 hours.
- If someone is eligible for tPA, their BP should be kept below 185/110 (with IV labetalol or nifedipine)
- If someone is ineligible for tPA, their BP should be kept below 220/120, unless they have other indications for avoiding hypertension-- i.e aortic dissection, acute MI, heart failure, signs of end-organ damage. Otherwise just watch and wait for it to go down on its own.
10. Subarachnoid Hemorrhages 
- Early in the diagnosis of an SAH, MRI is no more sensitive than CT. Believe it or not. {BMJ}
- Risk of rebleed after SAH is 2% per day for the first 30 days