Wednesday, July 16, 2014

1. Disseminated gonococcal disease; 
- High fever
- Tenosynovitis
- Migratory polyarthraligas (may progress to supprative infectious arthritis)
- 5-40 cutaenous leaseions - pustular lesiosn with hemorrhagic component and occ central necrosis
2. Acute cholecystitis - lap chole performed within 72 hours of onset of symptoms reduces disease duration, duration of hospitalization, and mortality.
3. Trihexyphenidyl - useful in the treatment of parkinsons in younger patients where tremor is the predominant symptom.
4. Essential tremor - propanolol first line, benzos second line due to abuse potential. Primidone (anticonvulsant - metabolized to phenobarb) can also be used to treat, sometimes in combo with beta-blocker
5. Lupus anticoagulant
- 5-10% of lupus patients
- IgM or IgG that binds phospholipids used in various assays (PTT, VDRL)
- Will not correct if mixed in dilution with plasma
- Russell viper venom test designed specifically to test for lupus anticoagulant
6. Fetal drug exposures:
- Heroin/methadone: high pitched cry, tremors, seizures, sweating, sneezing, tachypnea, poor feeding, vomiting, diarrhea - withdrawal presents within 48 hrs of birth (heroin) and 48-72 hrs (methadone). Treat symptomatically - small frequent feeds, low stim environment, morphine PRN
- Cocaine - jitteriness, excessive sucking, hyperactive moro
- Alcohol - smooth philtrum, small palpebral fissures, thin upper lip, CNS abnormalities
7. Batteries in esophagus must be immediately removed - distal to that, 90% will pass uneventfully.
8. Disseminated blastomycosis 
- Can occur even in immunocompetent people
- Skin: violaceous nodules, wart-like, ulcers
- Bone: osteomyelitis
- Lung: acute/chronic pneumonia
- GU: prostatitis, epididymo-orchitis
- CNS: meningitis, epidural/brain abscesses.
- Treat with PO itraconazole, or amphotericin B if severe disease or immunocompromised person
9. Skin lesions in other disseminated fungal diseases:
- Coccidioides: erythema nodosum, erythema multiforme
- Histo: papular, crusting skin lesions-- generally only immunocompromised people will develop tho.
- Sporotrichosis: pustular, ulcerated - localized to wound/associated lymphatic channels
10. Treatment for HELLP: 
- >34 weeks gestation, unstable mom/baby, or mature fetal lungs: delivery
- Otherwise, can stabilize mom, give steroids to mature the baby's lungs, and wait for 34 weeks.

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