High risk: >20%, start baby aspirin, get LDL<70-100, consider stress test
Intermediate risk: 10-20%, get high specificity CRP levels or electron-beam CT for coronary calcium to further stratify into high vs low risk.
Low risk:<10%
2. Various USPSTF recommendations:
-One time abdominal u/s to look at aorta in males age 65-75 with a history of smoking. 2005, (B)
-One or two small polyps found with tubular adenoma with low grade dysplasia: next screening colonoscopy in 5-19 years
3. CBT for primary insomnia in older adults:
-Sleep restriction: restrict sleep to actual number of hours patient has slept in past 2 weeks, gradually increase time in bed to optimal (15-20 minute increments every 5 days)
-Sleep compression: gradually decrease time spent in bed to total sleep times.
-Evidence for effectiveness; more effective when combined with pharmacotherapy (Zolpidem, avoid benzos and antihistamines in elderly)
4. Sleep hygiene handout
5. Organic depression:
-Dementia
-Endocrine: cushings, hypothyroid, addisons, diabetes, hypoglycemia, hyperparathyroid
-Rheum: lupus, RA, temporal arteritis
-CNS pathology: tumor, parkinsons, MS, stroke, cerebral arteriolosclerosis, temporal lobe epilepsy.-Cardiovascular: CHF, MI
-Liver pathology (hepatitis)
-Renal failure
-Electrolyte abnormalities
-Infectious: AIDS, syphilis
-Cancer, esp pancreas
-Micronutrient deficiencies: folate, B12, thiamine
-Porphyria
6. Mini-cog mental exam is faster, more sensitive and specific than MMSE.
Mini-cog: repeat 3 words (apple, watch, penny)
Clock face drawing (45 min past 10)
Recall the 3 words
7. SSRI for depression with anxiety component:
-Paxil has strong antianxiety effects, but worse SSRI discontinuation syndrome. It (and prozac) are most studied in children, it may cause significant weight gain.
-Escitalopram (lexapro) is approved for GAD, and is a "neutral" SSRI
8. Medications linked to (causing) depression:
Cardiovascular drugs | Clonidine (Catapres) Digitalis Guanethidine (Ismelin) Hydralazine (Apresoline) Methyldopa (Aldomet) Procainamide (Pronestyl) Propranolol (Inderal) Reserpine (Serpasil) Thiazide diuretics |
Chemotherapeutics | 6-Azauridine Asparaginase (Elspar) Azathioprine (Imuran) Bleomycin (Blenoxane) Cisplatin (Platinol) Cyclophosphamide (Cytoxan) Doxorubicin (Adriamycin) Mithramycin (Mithracin) Vinblastine (Velban) Vincristine |
Antiparkinsonian drugs | Amantadine (Symmetrel) Bromocriptine (Parlodel) Levodopa (Larodopa) |
Antipsychotic drugs | Fluphenazine (Prolixin) Haloperidol (Haldol) |
Sedatives and antianxiety drugs | Barbiturates Benzodiazepines Chloral hydrate Ethanol |
Anticonvulsants | Carbamazepine (Tegretol) Ethosuximide (Zarontin) Phenobarbital Phenytoin (Dilantin) Primidone (Mysoline) |
Anti-inflammatory/anti-infective agents | Ampicillin Cycloserine (Seromycin) Dapsone Ethambutol (Myambutol) Griseofulvin (Grisactin) Isoniazid (INH) Metoclopramide (Reglan) Metronidazole (Flagyl) Nalidixic acid (NegGram) Nitrofurantoin (Furadantin) Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents Penicillin G procaine Streptomycin Sulfonamides Tetracycline |
Stimulants | Amphetamines (withdrawal) Caffeine Cocaine (withdrawal) Methylphenidate (Ritalin) |
Hormones | Adrenocorticotropin Anabolic steroids Glucocorticoids Oral contraceptives |
Other drugs | Choline Cimetidine (Tagamet) Disulfiram (Antabuse) Lecithin Methysergide (Sansert) Phenylephrine (Neo-Synephrine) Physostigmine (Antilirium) Ranitidine (Zantac) |
10. Testing for gonorrhea-- NAAT/PCR on vaginal swab in women (more sensitive than urine). In men, urethral swab and urine test have same (high) sensitivity.
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