1. Hepatitis C 
- Peg-Interferon A + Ribavirin treatment led to undetectable HCV RNA level after treatment in 40% of  patients with genotype 1 infection and 75% of patients with genotype 2 or 3 infection.
- If they have genotype 1, trials have shown that boceprevir or telaprevir added to the above regimen can achieve higher remission rates (60s-70s) in genotype 1 patients; importantly, the people in those trials were all treatment-naive. It's unclear what the results would have been if it had been tried on people who had failed other regimens.
- Amazing Trial in NEJM found Daclatasvir plus Sofosbuvir could lead to viral remission rates of 98% in people with genotype 1 (both treatment naive and people who had failed other treatments), 92% in genotype 2 and 89% of genotype 3 patients. Of note, this study was non-blinded and did not have controls.
2. Lack of blinding/allocation concealment does not lead to biased results in studies with objectively measured outcomes. In studies with subjective outcomes, non-blinding does lead to exaggerations of effect outcomes. {BMJ} analysis of 146 meta-analyses containing 1346 randomized controlled trails.
3. Atrial enlargement 
- R atrial enlargement: large biphasic P with tall initial component on V1, Tall P "p pulmonale"  (>2.5 little boxes) in lead II
- L atrial enlargemnet: large biphasic P with wide terminal component on V2, Wide P "p mitrale" (>3 little boxes)
4. LVH 
- Ischemia can occur with increased demand (ie hypertrophy) and with decreased supply. Thus you can get an MI with patent coronaries if your hypertrophy is bad enough.
- Look for signs of ischemia in V5/V6
Some criteria:
- S of V1 + R of V5 or V6 >35 mm
- R in aVL > 11 mm
- R in 1 and S in 3 add to > 28 mm in men, > 20 mm in women.
5. Ischemia: 
- Can occur in the presence of a normal EKG - this happens most commonly with lateral wall MIs; treatment is still warranted if clinical suspicion is high enough. If an older guy with a history of multiple MIs and a medical history full of coronary equivalents comes stumbling into your ER, sweating, short of breath, telling you he has crushing substernal chest pain radiating down his left arm that feels just like his last MI, take him to the cath lab irrespective of what the EKG shows.
- Coronary angioplasty should happen as soon as possible. Door to balloon time should be <90 minutes, <60 minutes ideally. After around 18-24 hours, there is no benefit from intervention. If anything, the ischemic tissue is less elastic and more likely to be traumatized by the cath wires, leading to tamponade and perforation.
6. In ischemia, there is a predictable temporal progression of EKG findings: first you will see hyperacute T-waves:
- T-waves are tall, look like peaked T-waves, postulated to originate from localized hyperkalemia.

- This is a transient effect that occurs in the beginning and lasts only ~30 minutes, so most people coming in from outside of the hospital won't show up until after this period is over, so you won't see this pattern on EKG
7. In ischemia, next you will see Symmetrical T-wave inversions. 

- Asymmetric t-wave inversions are more characteristic of strain.

- Flat or minimal T-wave inversions may be a normal variant.

- Other causes of T-wave inversions: LVH, electrolyte disturbances, digoxin, head injury 

- Neurogenic T-waves: deep, symmetric T-wave inversions in all leads, can occur in acute stroke and SAH 

8. In ischemia, finally you will see ST segment depression 

- Straight and downsloping are more likely to reflect true ischemia, while upsloping ST-depression more likely to be due to repolarization variation 

9. EKG markers of myocardial injury: ST elevation

- ST elevation indicating STEMI is usually 3-5 mm high; ST elevations that are really high (like 10mm) are characteristic of vasospasm/prinzmetal's angina. 

- Earliest sign of infarction. 

- "Tombstone" shaped ST-elevation more common in acute MI, ventricular aneurysm 

- Scooping, concave-up ST elevation more likely reflective of a benign process like benign early repolarization (BER), pericarditis. Although can still be an acute MI 

(source)

10. EKG marker of infarction: Q-waves

- Must be at least 1mm wide or 1/3 height of the R wave to be considered pathological.